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Botrytis
cinerea is a fungal pathogen
that causes necrotic disease on more than a thousand known hosts widely spread
across the plant kingdom. How B. cinerea
interacts with such extensive host diversity remains largely unknown. To
address this question, we generated an infectivity matrix of 98 strains of B. cinerea on 90 genotypes representing
eight host plants. This experimental infectivity matrix revealed that the
disease outcome is largely explained by variations in either the host
resistance or pathogen virulence. However, the specific interactions between host
and pathogen account for 16% of the disease outcome. Furthermore, the disease
outcomes cluster among genotypes of a species but are independent of the
relatedness between hosts. When analyzing the host specificity and virulence of
B. cinerea, generalist strains are predominant. In this
fungal necrotroph, specialization may happen by a loss in
virulence on most hosts rather than an
increase of virulence on a specific host. To uncover the genetic architecture of Botrytis
host specificity and virulence, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was
performed and revealed up to 1492 genes of interest. The genetic architecture
of these traits is widespread across B. cinerea
genome. The complexity of the disease outcome might be explained by hundreds of
functionally diverse genes putatively involved in adjusting the infection to
diverse hosts.
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